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Unification of Norway (''Rikssamlingen'') is a romantic nationalist term referring to the process by which Norway merged from several petty kingdoms into a single kingdom—today's Kingdom of Norway.〔(''Norsk historie fra 800 til 1130'' (Store norske leksikon. forfattere av denne artikkelen: Per Sveaas Andersen, Per G. Norseng) )〕 == History == King Harald Fairhair is the monarch who is credited by later tradition as having first unified Norway into one kingdom. According to the sagas, he ruled Norway from approximately 872 to 930. Modern historians, including Claus Krag, assume that his rule may have been limited to the coastal areas of western and southern Norway. The tendency in recent research has been to perceive unification of the nation to have been a more time consuming process.〔(''Rikssamling'' (Det Norske Kongehus) )〕 The sagas tell us that Harald succeeded, on the death of his father Halfdan the Black Gudrödarson, to the sovereignty of several small, and somewhat scattered kingdoms in Vestfold, which had come into his father's hands through conquest and inheritance. In 866, Harald made the first of a series of conquests over the many petty kingdoms which would compose Norway, including Värmland in Sweden, and modern day south-eastern Norway, which had sworn allegiance to the Swedish king Erik Eymundsson. In 872, after a great victory at the Battle of Hafrsfjord near Stavanger, Harald found himself king over the whole country. 〔(''Samlinga av Noreg'' (vikingtida.wikispaces.com) )〕 His realm was, however, threatened by dangers from outside, as large numbers of his opponents had taken refuge, not only in Iceland, then recently discovered; but also in the Orkney Islands, Shetland Islands, Hebrides Islands and Faroe Islands. His opponents' leaving was not entirely voluntary. Many Norwegian chieftains who were wealthy and respected posed a threat to Harald; therefore, they were subjected to much harassment, prompting them to vacate the land. In time, Harald was forced to make an expedition to subdue these islands.〔(''Rikssamlingen i Norge fra ca. 900 til ca. 1300'' (Prezi Inc.) )〕 After Harald's death, the unity of the kingdom was not preserved. In following centuries, the kingdom was variously ruled, wholly or in part, by descendants of King Harald or by earls under the suzerainty of Denmark. Kings of Norway until King Olav IV, who died in 1387, commonly claimed descent from Harald Fairhair.〔(''Rikssamlingen'' (Cappelendamm.no) )〕〔(''History of The Royal House of Norway'' (Det Norske Kongehus) )〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Unification of Norway」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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